Music had been a part of the world for thousands of years. Primitive cave drawings, stories from the Bible, and Egyptian hieroglyphs all attest to the fact that people had created instruments and had been making music for millennia.
The word music derives from the ancient Greek muses, the nine goddesses of art and science. The first study of music as an art form dates from around 500 B.C., when Pythagoras experimented with acoustics and the mathematical relationships of tones. In so doing, Pythagoras and others established the Musical modes: scales comprised of whole tones and half steps.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, land, power, and morality was controlled by the Catholic Church. Mostly through superstitious fear, early Catholic leaders were able to claim absolute power over lords, princes, and kings. The Church was able to dictate the progress of arts and letters according to its own strictures and employed all the scribes, musicians and artists. At this time, western music was almost the sole property of the Catholic Church.
The early Christian church derived their music from existing Jewish and Byzantine religious chant. Like all music in the Western world up to this time, plainchant was monophonic, that is, it comprised a single melody without any harmonic support or accompaniment.There were many hundred of these chants, with different melodies and tempos. It was believed that Pope Gregory I (reigned 590-604) codified them during the sixth-century, establishing uniform usage throughout the Western Catholic Church. Although his actual contribution to this enormous body of music remains unknown, his name has been applied to this music, and it is known as Gregorian Chant.